O carcinoma de células escamosas do canal anal é uma malignidade rara que representa 1,5% a 2% de todos os cânceres do trato gastrointestinal inferior. Entretanto, é observada uma incidência aumentada do carcinoma anal invasivo, na população soropositiva para o HIV desde a difusão da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa. O vírus do papiloma está fortemente associado com a patogênese do câncer anal. Sexo anal e um alto número de parceiros sexuais parecem ser os fatores de risco para desenvolver câncer anal em ambos os sexos. Dor anal, sangramento e lesão palpável no canal anal são as manifestações clínicas mais comuns. O ultrassom endoanal é o melhor método diagnóstico para avaliar o tamanho do tumor, sua extensão e a infiltração para o complexo do músculo esfincteriano. A quimioradioterapia mais terapia antirretroviral é o tratamento recomendado para todos os estádios do carcinoma localizado de células escamosas do canal anal nos pacientes HIV soropositivos, devido a sua alta taxa de cura. Apresentamos um paciente que desenvolveu carcinoma do canal anal depois de um longo tempo de infecção por HIV sob tratamento com a terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa, com boa resposta virológica e imunológica.

Squamous anal cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy that represents the 1.5% to 2% of all the lower digestive tract cancers. However, an increased incidence of invasive anal carcinoma is observed in HIV-seropositive population since the widespread of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Human papillomavirus is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anal cancer. Anal intercourse and a high number of sexual partners appear to be risk factors to develop anal cancer in both sexes. Anal pain, bleeding and a palpable lesion in the anal canal are the most common clinical features. Endo-anal ultrasound is the best diagnosis method to evaluate the tumor size, the tumor extension and the infiltration of the sphincter muscle complex. Chemoradiotherapy plus antiretroviral therapy are the recommended treatments for all stages of localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in HIV-seropositive patients because of its high rate of cure. Here we present an HIV patient who developed a carcinoma of the anal canal after a long time of HIV infection under highly active antiretroviral therapy with a good virological and immunological response.

Cutaneous B cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of neoplastic B cell of the skin with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Commonly, the clinical features of CBCL are plaques, nodules, or ulcerative lesions. Skin is one of the common sites for extra-nodal lymphomas in patients with AIDS and B cell type is less common than T cell type. Only recently, the existence of B cell lymphomas presenting clinically in the skin without evidence of extra-cutaneous involvement has been accepted as primary CBCL. Here, we are presenting 5 patients with cutaneous involvement in the setting of HIV/AIDS disease. Two of them were primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin lymphomas. All were CBCL; 3 were immunoblastic, 1 was plasmablastic, and the other was a Burkitt lymphoma. We analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, virological, and immunological characteristics of this group of patients.

Os linfomas da cavidade oral são uma complicação rara da AIDS/HIV avançada. A aparência clínica dessas neoplasias inclui massas ou lesões ulcerativas que envolvem o tecido mole oral e da mandíbula como manifestação predominante. Relatamos um caso de um paciente com AIDS que desenvolveu um linfoma não Hodgkin de células B difuso e extenso da cavidade oral durante a terapia antiretroviral altamente ativa com carga viral plasmática indetectável e reconstituição imune.

Lymphomas of the oral cavity are a rare complication of advanced HIV/AIDS disease. The clinical appearance of these neoplasms includes masses or ulcerative lesions that involve the oral soft tissue and the jaw as the predominant manifestation. We report the case of a patient with AIDS who developed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the oral cavity during highly active antiretroviral therapy, with undetectable plasma viral load and immune reconstitution.